Publications
2018
Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence of Early Treatment Impact on Central Nervous System Reservoir? Burbelo PD, Price RW, Hagberg L, Hatano H, Spudich S, Deeks SG, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2018 Feb 1.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals microglia-like cells in cerebrospinal fluid during virologically suppressed HIV. Farhadian, S. F., Mehta, S. S., Zografou, C., Robertson, K., Price, R. W., Pappalardo, J., Chiarella, J., Hafler, D. A., … Spudich, S. S. JCI Insight 2018 Sep 20.
2017
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is Associated with High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 7.
Neurological Complications of HIV Infection. Farhadian S, Patel P, Spudich S. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Nov 21;19(12):50.
CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2017 May/Jun;25(2):69-76.
Neurofilament light chain protein as a marker of neuronal injury: review of its use in HIV-1 infection and reference values for HIV-negative controls. Yilmaz A, Blennow K, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Price RW, Schouten J, Spudich S, Underwood J, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2017 Aug;17(8):761-770.
Depression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation. Hellmuth J, Colby D, Valcour V, Suttichom D, Spudich S, Ananworanich J, Prueksakaew P, Sailasuta N, Allen I, Jagodzinski LL, Slike B, Ochi D, Paul R; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. AIDS Behav. 2017 Nov;21(11):3238-3246.
An explanatory factor analysis of a brief self-report scale to detect neurocognitive impairment among HIV-positive men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru. Weikum D, Shrestha R, Ferro EG, Vagenas P, Copenhaver M, Spudich S, Alpert MD, Cabello R, Lama JR, Sanchez J, Altice FL. AIDS Care. 2017 Oct;29(10):1297-1301.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Initiated During Primary HIV Infection and Not Rapidly Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy. Rahimy E, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Robertson K, Meyerhoff DJ, Zetterberg H, Price RW, Gisslén M, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 1;215(7):1132-1140.
High Number of Activated CD8+ T Cells Targeting HIV Antigens Are Present in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Acute HIV Infection. Kessing CF, Spudich S, Valcour V, Cartwright P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Takata H, Nichols C, Josey BJ, Slike B, Krebs SJ, Sailsuta N, Lerdlum S, Jagodzinski L, Tipsuk S, Suttichom D, Rattanamanee S, Zetterberg H, Hellmuth J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 May 1;75(1):108-117.
Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection. Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Hellmuth J, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S; RV254SEARCH 010, RV304SEARCH 013, and SEARCH 011 Study Teams. AIDS. 2017 Jan 14;31(2):247-252.
2016
Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Wan Sulaiman WA, Lekoubou A, Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S. Neurology. 2016 Nov 29;87(22):2386.
Highlights of the Global HIV-1 CSF Escape Consortium Meeting, 9 June 2016, Bethesda, MD, USA. Joseph J, Cinque P, Colosi D, Dravid A, Ene L, Fox H, Gabuzda D, Gisslen M, Beth Joseph S, Letendre S, Mukerji SS, Nath A, Perez-Valero I, Persaud D, Price RW, Rao VR, Sacktor N, Swanstrom R, Winston A, Wojna V, Wright E, Spudich S. J Virus Erad. 2016 Oct 5;2(4):243-250.
HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV. Le LT, Spudich SS. Semin Neurol. 2016 Aug;36(4):373-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1585454. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
CROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2016 May-Jun;24(1):29-37. Review.
Corrigendum to: "Plasma concentration of the neurofilament light protein (NFL) is a biomarker of CNS injury in HIV infection: A cross-sectional study" [EBioMedicine 3 (216) 135-140]. Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. EBioMedicine. 2016 May;7:287-288.
Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Hellmuth J, Fletcher JL, Valcour V, Kroon E, Ananworanich J, Intasan J, Lerdlum S, Narvid J, Pothisri M, Allen I, Krebs SJ, Slike B, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Puttamaswin S, Phanuphak N, Spudich S; SEARCH 010/RV254 Study Group. Neurology. 2016 Jul 12;87(2):148-54.
Cognitive Impairment and Persistent CNS Injury in Treated HIV. Chan P, Hellmuth J, Spudich S, Valcour V. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016 Aug;13(4):209-17.
Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection. Wright PW, Pyakurel A, Vaida FF, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich SS, Ances BM. AIDS. 2016 Jul 17;30(11):1789-94.
Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8(+) T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers. Ganesh A, Lemongello D, Lee E, Peterson J, McLaughlin BE, Ferre AL, Gillespie GM, Fuchs D, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Price RW, Spudich SS, Shacklett BL. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Aug;32(8):791-800. Epub 2016 May 2.
Virological and immunological characteristics of HIV-infected individuals at the earliest stage of infection. Ananworanich J, Sacdalan CP, Pinyakorn S, Chomont N, de Souza M, Luekasemsuk T, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Dewar R, Jagodzinski L, Ubolyam S, Trichavaroj R, Tovanabutra S, Spudich S, Valcour V, Sereti I, Michael N, Robb M, Phanuphak P, Kim JH, Phanuphak N. J Virus Erad. 2016;2:43-48.
Immune activation in the central nervous system throughout the course of HIV infection. Spudich SS. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016 Mar;11(2):226-33.
Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. EBioMedicine. 2015 Nov 22;3:135-140. eCollection 2016 Jan.
2015
Deep sequencing of HIV-1 variants from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during primary HIV infection. Gega A, Kozal MJ, Chiarella J, Lee E, Peterson J, Hecht FM, Liegler T, St John EP, Simen BB, Price RW, Spudich SS. J Virus Erad. 2015;1(4):264-268.
Neurological Response to cART vs. cART plus Integrase Inhibitor and CCR5 Antagonist Initiated during Acute HIV. Valcour VG, Spudich SS, Sailasuta N, Phanuphak N, Lerdlum S, Fletcher JL, Kroon ED, Jagodzinski LL, Allen IE, Adams CL, Prueksakaew P, Slike BM, Hellmuth JM, Kim JH, Ananworanich J; SEARCH 010/RV 254 Study Group. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 10;10(11):e0142600.
Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy. Kore I, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Paul R, Reynolds J, Tipsuk S, Ubolyam S, Rattanamanee S, Jagodzinski L, Kim J, Spudich S; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Dec 1;70(4):393-9
CNS reservoirs for HIV: implications for eradication. Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S. J Virus Erad. 2015 Apr;1(2):67-71.
Phenotypic Correlates of HIV-1 Macrophage Tropism. Arrildt KT, LaBranche CC, Joseph SB, Dukhovlinova EN, Graham WD, Ping LH, Schnell G, Sturdevant CB, Kincer LP, Mallewa M, Heyderman RS, Rie AV, Cohen MS, Spudich S, Price RW, Montefiori DC, Swanstrom R. J Virol. 2015 Nov;89(22):11294-311. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Signs of Neuronal Injury Before and After Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV Infection. Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Sithinamsuwan P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Lerdlum S, Chomchey N, Slike B, Sailasuta N, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S; RV254/SEARCH 010 and SEARCH 011 Study Teams. J Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 1;212(11):1759-67.
CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;23(1):47-55.
Neurosyphilis and the impact of HIV infection. Ho EL, Spudich SS. Sex Health. 2015 Apr;12(2):148-54.
Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection. Sturdevant CB, Joseph SB, Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 26;11(3):e1004720. eCollection 2015 Mar.
Neuropathogenesis of HIV: from initial neuroinvasion to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Zayyad Z, Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Mar;12(1):16-24.
Cerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection. Wright PW, Vaida FF, Fernández RJ, Rutlin J, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Shimony JS, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S, Ances BM. AIDS. 2015 Feb 20;29(4):433-42.
2014
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers across the spectrum of HIV infection: hierarchy of injury and detection. Peterson J, Gisslen M, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Shacklett BL, Hagberg L, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich SS, Price RW. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 26;9(12):e116081. eCollection 2014.
Progressive increase in central nervous system immune activation in untreated primary HIV-1 infection. Suh J, Sinclair E, Peterson J, Lee E, Kyriakides TC, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Price RW, Gisslen M, Spudich S. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Dec 3;11:199.
Cerebral metabolite changes prior to and after antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. Young AC, Yiannoutsos CT, Hegde M, Lee E, Peterson J, Walter R, Price RW, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S. Neurology. 2014 Oct 28;83(18):1592-600.
Treatment of HIV in the CNS: effects of antiretroviral therapy and the promise of non-antiretroviral therapeutics. Peluso MJ, Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014 Sep;11(3):353-62.
CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS. Top Antivir Med. 2014 May;22(2):594-601.
Peripheral neuropathy in primary HIV infection associates with systemic and central nervous system immune activation. Wang SX, Ho EL, Grill M, Lee E, Peterson J, Robertson K, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW, Spudich S. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Jul 1;66(3):303-10.
Evolving character of chronic central nervous system HIV infection. Price RW, Spudich SS, Peterson J, Joseph S, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Swanstrom R. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb;34(1):7-13. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1372337. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
HIV Neurology. Preface. Spudich S, Meyer AC. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb;34(1):5-6. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
Longitudinal characterization of depression and mood states beginning in primary HIV infection. Gold JA, Grill M, Peterson J, Pilcher C, Lee E, Hecht FM, Fuchs D, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW, Robertson K, Spudich S. AIDS Behav. 2014 Jun;18(6):1124-32.
2013
An example of genetically distinct HIV type 1 variants in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during suppressive therapy. Dahl V, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Peterson J, Shao W, Spudich S, Price RW, Palmer S. J Infect Dis. 2014 May 15;209(10):1618-22. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;21(3):100-8.
Approach to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker discovery and evaluation in HIV infection. Price RW, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Angel TE, Zetterberg H, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Smith RD, Jacobs JM, Brown JN, Gisslen M. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Dec;8(5):1147-58. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
HIV and neurocognitive dysfunction. Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013 Sep;10(3):235-43.
Cellular Composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV-1 Infected and Uninfected Subjects. Ho EL, Ronquillo R, Altmeppen H, Spudich SS, Price RW, Sinclair E. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 18;8(6):e66188. Print 2013.
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Yilmaz A, Yiannoutsos CT, Fuchs D, Price RW, Crozier K, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Gisslén M. J Neuroinflammation. 2013 May 10;10:62.
Cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarker abnormalities suggest early neurological injury in a subset of individuals during primary HIV infection. Peluso MJ, Meyerhoff DJ, Price RW, Peterson J, Lee E, Young AC, Walter R, Fuchs D, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Robertson K, Hagberg L, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jun 1;207(11):1703-12. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
Single-copy assay quantification of HIV-1 RNA in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from elite controllers. Dahl V, Peterson J, Spudich S, Lee E, Shacklett BL, Price RW, Palmer S. AIDS. 2013 Apr 24;27(7):1145-9.
2012
Change in brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy after treatment during acute HIV infection. Sailasuta N, Ross W, Ananworanich J, Chalermchai T, DeGruttola V, Lerdlum S, Pothisri M, Busovaca E, Ratto-Kim S, Jagodzinski L, Spudich S, Michael N, Kim JH, Valcour V; RV254/SEARCH 010 protocol teams. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49272. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2012 Jun-Jul;20(2):41-7.
HIV-1-related central nervous system disease: current issues in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Spudich S, González-Scarano F. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Jun;2(6):a007120.
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape associated with progressive neurologic dysfunction in patients on antiretroviral therapy with well controlled plasma viral load. Peluso MJ, Ferretti F, Peterson J, Lee E, Fuchs D, Boschini A, Gisslén M, Angoff N, Price RW, Cinque P, Spudich S. AIDS. 2012 Sep 10;26(14):1765-74.
Central nervous system viral invasion and inflammation during acute HIV infection. Valcour V, Chalermchai T, Sailasuta N, Marovich M, Lerdlum S, Suttichom D, Suwanwela NC, Jagodzinski L, Michael N, Spudich S, van Griensven F, de Souza M, Kim J, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. J Infect Dis. 2012 Jul 15;206(2):275-82. Epub 2012 May 2.
The cerebrospinal fluid proteome in HIV infection: change associated with disease severity. Angel TE, Jacobs JM, Spudich SS, Gritsenko MA, Fuchs D, Liegler T, Zetterberg H, Camp DG 2nd, Price RW, Smith RD. Clin Proteomics. 2012 Mar 20;9(1):3.
2011
Raltegravir treatment intensification does not alter cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection or immunoactivation in subjects on suppressive therapy. Dahl V, Lee E, Peterson J, Spudich SS, Leppla I, Sinclair E, Fuchs D, Palmer S, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 15;204(12):1936-45. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system occurs in two distinct cell types. Schnell G, Joseph S, Spudich S, Price RW, Swanstrom R. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002286. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
Central nervous system complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2011 May-Jun;19(2):48-57.
Central nervous system immune activation characterizes primary human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection even in participants with minimal cerebrospinal fluid viral burden. Spudich S, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Lee E, Liegler T, Brew B, Fuchs D, Tambussi G, Cinque P, Hecht FM, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep 1;204(5):753-60.
Minocycline fails to modulate cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection or immune activation in chronic untreated HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study. Ho EL, Spudich SS, Lee E, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW. AIDS Res Ther. 2011 May 12;8:17.
2010
HIV-1 viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Edén A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Spudich S, Svennerholm B, Price RW, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2010 Dec 15;202(12):1819-25. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection. Hagberg L, Cinque P, Gisslen M, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Bestetti A, Price RW, Fuchs D. AIDS Res Ther. 2010 Jun 3;7:15.
Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation. Probasco JC, Deeks SG, Lee E, Hoh R, Hunt PW, Liegler T, Price RW, Spudich SS. AIDS. 2010 Apr 24;24(7):1001-5.
2009
Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. Gisslén M, Krut J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Cinque P, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Price RW, Zetterberg H. BMC Neurol. 2009 Dec 22;9:63.
Compartmentalization and clonal amplification of HIV-1 variants in the cerebrospinal fluid during primary infection. Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S. J Virol. 2010 Mar;84(5):2395-407. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection. Yilmaz A, Gisslén M, Spudich S, Lee E, Jayewardene A, Aweeka F, Price RW. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 1;4(9):e6877.
Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia. Schnell G, Spudich S, Harrington P, Price RW, Swanstrom R. PLoS Pathog. 2009 Apr;5(4):e1000395. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
2008
Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin. Price RW, Parham R, Kroll JL, Wring SA, Baker B, Sailstad J, Hoh R, Liegler T, Spudich S, Kuritzkes DR, Deeks SG. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(3):369-74.
Antiretroviral therapy and central nervous system HIV type 1 infection. Price RW, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2008 May 15;197 Suppl 3:S294-306.
Antiretroviral treatment effect on immune activation reduces cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection. Sinclair E, Ronquillo R, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Hunt P, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich S, Price RW. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Apr 15;47(5):544-52.
Persistent intrathecal immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Yilmaz A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Feb 1;47(2):168-73.
2007
Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after >4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. Edén A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 15;196(12):1779-83.
2006
Defining and evaluating HIV-related neurodegenerative disease and its treatment targets: a combinatorial approach to use of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers. Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Spudich S, Price RW. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;2(1):112-9. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure. Spudich S, Lollo N, Liegler T, Deeks SG, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 15;194(12):1686-96. Epub 2006 Nov 3.
Prevalence of CXCR4 tropism among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients with detectable viremia. Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, Deeks SG. J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 1;194(7):926-30. Epub 2006 Aug 29.
2005
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND, Liegler TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Deeks SG, Paxinos EE, Price RW. BMC Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 2;5:98.
HIV-1 chemokine coreceptor utilization in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples: a survey of subjects with viremia. Spudich SS, Huang W, Nilsson AC, Petropoulos CJ, Liegler TJ, Whitcomb JM, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 15;191(6):890-8. Epub 2005 Feb 9.
Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: Evidence of Early Treatment Impact on Central Nervous System Reservoir? Burbelo PD, Price RW, Hagberg L, Hatano H, Spudich S, Deeks SG, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2018 Feb 1.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals microglia-like cells in cerebrospinal fluid during virologically suppressed HIV. Farhadian, S. F., Mehta, S. S., Zografou, C., Robertson, K., Price, R. W., Pappalardo, J., Chiarella, J., Hafler, D. A., … Spudich, S. S. JCI Insight 2018 Sep 20.
2017
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is Associated with High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments.Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH010 Study Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 7.
Neurological Complications of HIV Infection. Farhadian S, Patel P, Spudich S. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Nov 21;19(12):50.
CROI 2017: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2017 May/Jun;25(2):69-76.
Neurofilament light chain protein as a marker of neuronal injury: review of its use in HIV-1 infection and reference values for HIV-negative controls. Yilmaz A, Blennow K, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Price RW, Schouten J, Spudich S, Underwood J, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2017 Aug;17(8):761-770.
Depression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation. Hellmuth J, Colby D, Valcour V, Suttichom D, Spudich S, Ananworanich J, Prueksakaew P, Sailasuta N, Allen I, Jagodzinski LL, Slike B, Ochi D, Paul R; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. AIDS Behav. 2017 Nov;21(11):3238-3246.
An explanatory factor analysis of a brief self-report scale to detect neurocognitive impairment among HIV-positive men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru. Weikum D, Shrestha R, Ferro EG, Vagenas P, Copenhaver M, Spudich S, Alpert MD, Cabello R, Lama JR, Sanchez J, Altice FL. AIDS Care. 2017 Oct;29(10):1297-1301.
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Is Initiated During Primary HIV Infection and Not Rapidly Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy. Rahimy E, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Robertson K, Meyerhoff DJ, Zetterberg H, Price RW, Gisslén M, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 1;215(7):1132-1140.
High Number of Activated CD8+ T Cells Targeting HIV Antigens Are Present in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Acute HIV Infection. Kessing CF, Spudich S, Valcour V, Cartwright P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Takata H, Nichols C, Josey BJ, Slike B, Krebs SJ, Sailsuta N, Lerdlum S, Jagodzinski L, Tipsuk S, Suttichom D, Rattanamanee S, Zetterberg H, Hellmuth J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 May 1;75(1):108-117.
Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection. Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Hellmuth J, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S; RV254SEARCH 010, RV304SEARCH 013, and SEARCH 011 Study Teams. AIDS. 2017 Jan 14;31(2):247-252.
2016
Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Wan Sulaiman WA, Lekoubou A, Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S. Neurology. 2016 Nov 29;87(22):2386.
Highlights of the Global HIV-1 CSF Escape Consortium Meeting, 9 June 2016, Bethesda, MD, USA. Joseph J, Cinque P, Colosi D, Dravid A, Ene L, Fox H, Gabuzda D, Gisslen M, Beth Joseph S, Letendre S, Mukerji SS, Nath A, Perez-Valero I, Persaud D, Price RW, Rao VR, Sacktor N, Swanstrom R, Winston A, Wojna V, Wright E, Spudich S. J Virus Erad. 2016 Oct 5;2(4):243-250.
HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV. Le LT, Spudich SS. Semin Neurol. 2016 Aug;36(4):373-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1585454. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
CROI 2016: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2016 May-Jun;24(1):29-37. Review.
Corrigendum to: "Plasma concentration of the neurofilament light protein (NFL) is a biomarker of CNS injury in HIV infection: A cross-sectional study" [EBioMedicine 3 (216) 135-140]. Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. EBioMedicine. 2016 May;7:287-288.
Neurologic signs and symptoms frequently manifest in acute HIV infection. Hellmuth J, Fletcher JL, Valcour V, Kroon E, Ananworanich J, Intasan J, Lerdlum S, Narvid J, Pothisri M, Allen I, Krebs SJ, Slike B, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Puttamaswin S, Phanuphak N, Spudich S; SEARCH 010/RV254 Study Group. Neurology. 2016 Jul 12;87(2):148-54.
Cognitive Impairment and Persistent CNS Injury in Treated HIV. Chan P, Hellmuth J, Spudich S, Valcour V. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016 Aug;13(4):209-17.
Putamen volume and its clinical and neurological correlates in primary HIV infection. Wright PW, Pyakurel A, Vaida FF, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich SS, Ances BM. AIDS. 2016 Jul 17;30(11):1789-94.
Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8(+) T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers. Ganesh A, Lemongello D, Lee E, Peterson J, McLaughlin BE, Ferre AL, Gillespie GM, Fuchs D, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Price RW, Spudich SS, Shacklett BL. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2016 Aug;32(8):791-800. Epub 2016 May 2.
Virological and immunological characteristics of HIV-infected individuals at the earliest stage of infection. Ananworanich J, Sacdalan CP, Pinyakorn S, Chomont N, de Souza M, Luekasemsuk T, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Dewar R, Jagodzinski L, Ubolyam S, Trichavaroj R, Tovanabutra S, Spudich S, Valcour V, Sereti I, Michael N, Robb M, Phanuphak P, Kim JH, Phanuphak N. J Virus Erad. 2016;2:43-48.
Immune activation in the central nervous system throughout the course of HIV infection. Spudich SS. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016 Mar;11(2):226-33.
Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. EBioMedicine. 2015 Nov 22;3:135-140. eCollection 2016 Jan.
2015
Deep sequencing of HIV-1 variants from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during primary HIV infection. Gega A, Kozal MJ, Chiarella J, Lee E, Peterson J, Hecht FM, Liegler T, St John EP, Simen BB, Price RW, Spudich SS. J Virus Erad. 2015;1(4):264-268.
Neurological Response to cART vs. cART plus Integrase Inhibitor and CCR5 Antagonist Initiated during Acute HIV. Valcour VG, Spudich SS, Sailasuta N, Phanuphak N, Lerdlum S, Fletcher JL, Kroon ED, Jagodzinski LL, Allen IE, Adams CL, Prueksakaew P, Slike BM, Hellmuth JM, Kim JH, Ananworanich J; SEARCH 010/RV 254 Study Group. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 10;10(11):e0142600.
Neuropsychological Impairment in Acute HIV and the Effect of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy. Kore I, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Paul R, Reynolds J, Tipsuk S, Ubolyam S, Rattanamanee S, Jagodzinski L, Kim J, Spudich S; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Dec 1;70(4):393-9
CNS reservoirs for HIV: implications for eradication. Hellmuth J, Valcour V, Spudich S. J Virus Erad. 2015 Apr;1(2):67-71.
Phenotypic Correlates of HIV-1 Macrophage Tropism. Arrildt KT, LaBranche CC, Joseph SB, Dukhovlinova EN, Graham WD, Ping LH, Schnell G, Sturdevant CB, Kincer LP, Mallewa M, Heyderman RS, Rie AV, Cohen MS, Spudich S, Price RW, Montefiori DC, Swanstrom R. J Virol. 2015 Nov;89(22):11294-311. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Signs of Neuronal Injury Before and After Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV Infection. Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Sithinamsuwan P, Chalermchai T, Fletcher JL, Lerdlum S, Chomchey N, Slike B, Sailasuta N, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S; RV254/SEARCH 010 and SEARCH 011 Study Teams. J Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 1;212(11):1759-67.
CROI 2015: Neurologic Complications of HIV Infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;23(1):47-55.
Neurosyphilis and the impact of HIV infection. Ho EL, Spudich SS. Sex Health. 2015 Apr;12(2):148-54.
Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection. Sturdevant CB, Joseph SB, Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 26;11(3):e1004720. eCollection 2015 Mar.
Neuropathogenesis of HIV: from initial neuroinvasion to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Zayyad Z, Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Mar;12(1):16-24.
Cerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection. Wright PW, Vaida FF, Fernández RJ, Rutlin J, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Shimony JS, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S, Ances BM. AIDS. 2015 Feb 20;29(4):433-42.
2014
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers across the spectrum of HIV infection: hierarchy of injury and detection. Peterson J, Gisslen M, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Shacklett BL, Hagberg L, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich SS, Price RW. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 26;9(12):e116081. eCollection 2014.
Progressive increase in central nervous system immune activation in untreated primary HIV-1 infection. Suh J, Sinclair E, Peterson J, Lee E, Kyriakides TC, Li FY, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Price RW, Gisslen M, Spudich S. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Dec 3;11:199.
Cerebral metabolite changes prior to and after antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. Young AC, Yiannoutsos CT, Hegde M, Lee E, Peterson J, Walter R, Price RW, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S. Neurology. 2014 Oct 28;83(18):1592-600.
Treatment of HIV in the CNS: effects of antiretroviral therapy and the promise of non-antiretroviral therapeutics. Peluso MJ, Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014 Sep;11(3):353-62.
CROI 2014: Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS. Top Antivir Med. 2014 May;22(2):594-601.
Peripheral neuropathy in primary HIV infection associates with systemic and central nervous system immune activation. Wang SX, Ho EL, Grill M, Lee E, Peterson J, Robertson K, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW, Spudich S. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014 Jul 1;66(3):303-10.
Evolving character of chronic central nervous system HIV infection. Price RW, Spudich SS, Peterson J, Joseph S, Fuchs D, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Swanstrom R. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb;34(1):7-13. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1372337. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
HIV Neurology. Preface. Spudich S, Meyer AC. Semin Neurol. 2014 Feb;34(1):5-6. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
Longitudinal characterization of depression and mood states beginning in primary HIV infection. Gold JA, Grill M, Peterson J, Pilcher C, Lee E, Hecht FM, Fuchs D, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW, Robertson K, Spudich S. AIDS Behav. 2014 Jun;18(6):1124-32.
2013
An example of genetically distinct HIV type 1 variants in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma during suppressive therapy. Dahl V, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Peterson J, Shao W, Spudich S, Price RW, Palmer S. J Infect Dis. 2014 May 15;209(10):1618-22. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
Neurologic complications of HIV infection: highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;21(3):100-8.
Approach to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker discovery and evaluation in HIV infection. Price RW, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Angel TE, Zetterberg H, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Smith RD, Jacobs JM, Brown JN, Gisslen M. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2013 Dec;8(5):1147-58. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
HIV and neurocognitive dysfunction. Spudich S. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013 Sep;10(3):235-43.
Cellular Composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid in HIV-1 Infected and Uninfected Subjects. Ho EL, Ronquillo R, Altmeppen H, Spudich SS, Price RW, Sinclair E. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 18;8(6):e66188. Print 2013.
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin decay characteristics after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Yilmaz A, Yiannoutsos CT, Fuchs D, Price RW, Crozier K, Hagberg L, Spudich S, Gisslén M. J Neuroinflammation. 2013 May 10;10:62.
Cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarker abnormalities suggest early neurological injury in a subset of individuals during primary HIV infection. Peluso MJ, Meyerhoff DJ, Price RW, Peterson J, Lee E, Young AC, Walter R, Fuchs D, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Robertson K, Hagberg L, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jun 1;207(11):1703-12. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
Single-copy assay quantification of HIV-1 RNA in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from elite controllers. Dahl V, Peterson J, Spudich S, Lee E, Shacklett BL, Price RW, Palmer S. AIDS. 2013 Apr 24;27(7):1145-9.
2012
Change in brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy after treatment during acute HIV infection. Sailasuta N, Ross W, Ananworanich J, Chalermchai T, DeGruttola V, Lerdlum S, Pothisri M, Busovaca E, Ratto-Kim S, Jagodzinski L, Spudich S, Michael N, Kim JH, Valcour V; RV254/SEARCH 010 protocol teams. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49272. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
Neurologic complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2012 Jun-Jul;20(2):41-7.
HIV-1-related central nervous system disease: current issues in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Spudich S, González-Scarano F. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Jun;2(6):a007120.
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape associated with progressive neurologic dysfunction in patients on antiretroviral therapy with well controlled plasma viral load. Peluso MJ, Ferretti F, Peterson J, Lee E, Fuchs D, Boschini A, Gisslén M, Angoff N, Price RW, Cinque P, Spudich S. AIDS. 2012 Sep 10;26(14):1765-74.
Central nervous system viral invasion and inflammation during acute HIV infection. Valcour V, Chalermchai T, Sailasuta N, Marovich M, Lerdlum S, Suttichom D, Suwanwela NC, Jagodzinski L, Michael N, Spudich S, van Griensven F, de Souza M, Kim J, Ananworanich J; RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. J Infect Dis. 2012 Jul 15;206(2):275-82. Epub 2012 May 2.
The cerebrospinal fluid proteome in HIV infection: change associated with disease severity. Angel TE, Jacobs JM, Spudich SS, Gritsenko MA, Fuchs D, Liegler T, Zetterberg H, Camp DG 2nd, Price RW, Smith RD. Clin Proteomics. 2012 Mar 20;9(1):3.
2011
Raltegravir treatment intensification does not alter cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection or immunoactivation in subjects on suppressive therapy. Dahl V, Lee E, Peterson J, Spudich SS, Leppla I, Sinclair E, Fuchs D, Palmer S, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2011 Dec 15;204(12):1936-45. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system occurs in two distinct cell types. Schnell G, Joseph S, Spudich S, Price RW, Swanstrom R. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002286. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
Central nervous system complications of HIV infection. Spudich SS, Ances BM. Top Antivir Med. 2011 May-Jun;19(2):48-57.
Central nervous system immune activation characterizes primary human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection even in participants with minimal cerebrospinal fluid viral burden. Spudich S, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Lee E, Liegler T, Brew B, Fuchs D, Tambussi G, Cinque P, Hecht FM, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep 1;204(5):753-60.
Minocycline fails to modulate cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection or immune activation in chronic untreated HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study. Ho EL, Spudich SS, Lee E, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW. AIDS Res Ther. 2011 May 12;8:17.
2010
HIV-1 viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Edén A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Spudich S, Svennerholm B, Price RW, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2010 Dec 15;202(12):1819-25. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection. Hagberg L, Cinque P, Gisslen M, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Bestetti A, Price RW, Fuchs D. AIDS Res Ther. 2010 Jun 3;7:15.
Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation. Probasco JC, Deeks SG, Lee E, Hoh R, Hunt PW, Liegler T, Price RW, Spudich SS. AIDS. 2010 Apr 24;24(7):1001-5.
2009
Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. Gisslén M, Krut J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Cinque P, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Price RW, Zetterberg H. BMC Neurol. 2009 Dec 22;9:63.
Compartmentalization and clonal amplification of HIV-1 variants in the cerebrospinal fluid during primary infection. Schnell G, Price RW, Swanstrom R, Spudich S. J Virol. 2010 Mar;84(5):2395-407. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection. Yilmaz A, Gisslén M, Spudich S, Lee E, Jayewardene A, Aweeka F, Price RW. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 1;4(9):e6877.
Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia. Schnell G, Spudich S, Harrington P, Price RW, Swanstrom R. PLoS Pathog. 2009 Apr;5(4):e1000395. Epub 2009 Apr 24.
2008
Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin. Price RW, Parham R, Kroll JL, Wring SA, Baker B, Sailstad J, Hoh R, Liegler T, Spudich S, Kuritzkes DR, Deeks SG. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(3):369-74.
Antiretroviral therapy and central nervous system HIV type 1 infection. Price RW, Spudich S. J Infect Dis. 2008 May 15;197 Suppl 3:S294-306.
Antiretroviral treatment effect on immune activation reduces cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection. Sinclair E, Ronquillo R, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Hunt P, Yiannoutsos CT, Spudich S, Price RW. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Apr 15;47(5):544-52.
Persistent intrathecal immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Yilmaz A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Feb 1;47(2):168-73.
2007
Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after >4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. Edén A, Price RW, Spudich S, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Gisslén M. J Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 15;196(12):1779-83.
2006
Defining and evaluating HIV-related neurodegenerative disease and its treatment targets: a combinatorial approach to use of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers. Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Brew BJ, Cinque P, Spudich S, Price RW. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;2(1):112-9. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure. Spudich S, Lollo N, Liegler T, Deeks SG, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 15;194(12):1686-96. Epub 2006 Nov 3.
Prevalence of CXCR4 tropism among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients with detectable viremia. Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, Deeks SG. J Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 1;194(7):926-30. Epub 2006 Aug 29.
2005
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND, Liegler TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Deeks SG, Paxinos EE, Price RW. BMC Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 2;5:98.
HIV-1 chemokine coreceptor utilization in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples: a survey of subjects with viremia. Spudich SS, Huang W, Nilsson AC, Petropoulos CJ, Liegler TJ, Whitcomb JM, Price RW. J Infect Dis. 2005 Mar 15;191(6):890-8. Epub 2005 Feb 9.